canada court system chart

Provincial offence appeals where the trial was heard by a justice of the peace. Administrative boards and tribunals have been created to allow for disputes to be resolved more quickly and less expensively than through the formal court system. Depending on its enabling legislation, the decisions and proceedings of a tribunal may be reviewed by the courts to ensure the procedures are fair. 140 0 obj <>/Encrypt 117 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<7D23BC59CF575742934D2F6965427150><682A3CFD1A430D4989096F868DF7D447>]/Index[116 45]/Info 115 0 R/Length 109/Prev 195606/Root 118 0 R/Size 161/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream For example, Black Canadians make significantly less money than non-racialized Canadians regardless of how long their families have lived in Canada. The most recent census data from 2016 shows that Black Canadians face far steeper economic challenges than white Canadians and other racial groups. Tell us how you used what you learned on OWJN! The Court of Appeal for Ontario hears many appeals. When it comes to hate crimes in Canada, Black people are far more likely than any other racial group to be victims of hate crimes, according to statistics from the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety. The superior courts are the highest level of courts in the provinces and territories. It is made up of nine judges that come from the five major regions of the country. They can also include specialized courts, such as youth courts, family courts and small claims court. The federal court of appeal-handles cases that arise under federal laws. "The reality is that racism is expressed not just as conscious acts of hate or violence, but it’s far more complex than that. The federal court-handles cases and appeals from decisions of federal tribunals. © 2018 - HierarchyStructure. H� ����0�@BZ It hears all jury trials as well as trials before a judge sitting alone after a preliminary hearing has been held. The court hears civil actions for claims up to $25,000. Register to create your own interactive chart, http://www.juriglobe.ca/eng/sys-juri/index.php, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2100.html. And once they enter the labour force, they repeat the struggle of their parents,” she said. Developed by the Justice Education Society, with funding provided by The Law Foundation of BC, this site provides educational information about the Courts of British Columbia, Canada. “Often when people see statistics like this, the assume that well, there’s clearly a rational and a good reason for this disparity,” Davis told CTVNews.ca in an interview Thursday. #SISTOAlert. Hello, you have JavaScript turned off. Provincial and territorial courts (lower level court). This chart lists some of the most common legal issues your clients may experience and which ... the Supreme Court of Canada and Alberta Court of Appeal. The Superior Court of Justice handles the more serious criminal law and youth criminal justice matters. Use of this Website assumes acceptance of Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy, Published Thursday, June 4, 2020 10:21PM EDT, Last Updated Saturday, June 6, 2020 10:05PM EDT, CTV News has ongoing coverage of the 2020 U.S. presidential election, How has racism impacted your life? Mary Allison Francis, 37,… https://t.co/W7gkCHJGlC, Making Gender & Name Changes on Identity Documents, OWJN contains general legal information only. “These children go into an educational system that marks them as a deficit, that sees them as problematic, and then they struggle to integrate. She teaches a first-year course on race at York University in Toronto, and the majority of her students are Black. Parliament also has authority to create a general court of appeal and courts to administer the laws of Canada better. That gap between hope and expectation doesn’t exist for the rest of the population. Some of the courts are federal in nature, while others are provincial or territorial. First-generation Black Canadians make an average income of nearly $37,000, compared to an average income of $50,000 for new immigrants who are not members of a visible minority. A criminal case is the prosecution of a person or organization by the government for committing a crime by doing something that is considered an offence against the State. The Superior Court of Justice also reviews certain family, provincial offences, and summary conviction appeal matters from the Ontario Court of Justice. Listen and subscribe to get a weekly update with the newsmakers who matter. Structure of the Courts - An overview of the court system in Canada and the jurisdiction at each level. Common law systems is a legal system founded not on laws made by legislatures but on judge-made laws, which in turn are based on custom, culture, habit, and previous judicial decisions throughout the world. Parliament also controls the procedure in criminal courts to make sure that criminal acts are handled fairly and in the same way across the country. The Court of Appeal for Ontario is the highest level of court in the province. It comprises of as follows: State Supreme Court – The State Supreme Court is a trial level court of The Supreme Court also decides important questions about the Constitution and some areas of private and public law. endstream endobj startxref International Criminal Court Participation, International Court of Justice Participation, socialist, based on French and Islamic law, based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law, modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets, mixture of US and West European legal systems, based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence, Muslim/Civil law/Common law/Customary law, based on Islamic law and English common law, based on civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory, based on French civil law and customary law, based on Indian law and English common law, based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law, the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply, based on English common law, for Muslims, Islamic sharia law supersedes civil law concerning Muslim marriages and inheritance, civil and criminal law based on Roman law, based on French civil law system and customary law, based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law, primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory, increasing influence of common law, based on French civil law system, with common law influence, based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails, based on New Zealand law and English common law, based on common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences, has nonbinding judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998, based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law, based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law, based on civil law system, derived from Soviet and continental civil code legal principles, based on Spanish law, a new criminal code modeled after US procedures was enacted into law in 2004 and reached full implementation in January 2008, French and Islamic law in a new consolidated code, civil law based on Belgian law with Napleonic Civil Code influence, based on Austro-Hungarian law system with Communist law influences, based on Spanish civil law and influenced by American legal concepts with large elements of Communist legal theory, based on English common law, with civil law modifications, civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes, legal code modified to bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory, based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law, On 29 March 2009 the president promulgated the Timor-Leste penal code, UN-drafted legal system based on Indonesian law remains in place for civil codes but is to be replaced by civil codes based on Portuguese law, these have passed but have not been promulgated, based on Islamic and civil law (particularly Napoleonic codes), based on civil and Roman law with traces of common law, partly based on Spanish civil law and tribal custom, primary basis is the Ethiopian legal code of 1957 with revisions, new civil, commercial, and penal codes have not yet been promulgated, government also issues unilateral proclamations setting laws and policies, based on civil law, currently transitional mix of national and regional courts, the laws of Denmark, where applicable, apply, civil law system with indigenous concepts, the laws of France, where applicable, apply, based on a composite of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law, based on English common law and customary law, based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree, based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law, rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law with increasing influence of English common law, recent judicial reforms include abandoning Napoleonic legal codes in favor of the oral adversarial system, based on the German-Austrian legal system, based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures and election codes, based on European civil and Islamic law under the framework outlined in the Iraqi Constitution, based on English common law substantially modified by indigenous concepts, mixture of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and, in personal matters, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim legal systems, based on civil law system, appeals treated as new trials, modeled after European civil law systems with English-American influence, the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply and local statutes, based on Kenyan statutory law, Kenyan and English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law, English common law supplemented by local, customary law, based on Prussian civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory, combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought, civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters, based on traditional customs, French legal norms and procedures, and socialist practice, based on civil law system with traces of Socialist legal traditions and practices, mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, Napoleonic code, and civil law, based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law, dual system of statutory law based on Anglo-American common law for the modern sector and customary law based on unwritten tribal practices for indigenous sector, based on Italian and French civil law systems and Islamic law, separate religious courts, local civil and penal codes based on civil law system, based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law, based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters, based on English common law and Roman civil law, the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply and Manx statutes, based on US system, except for customs, wages, immigration laws, and taxation, based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws, a combination of Islamic law and French civil law, based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas, mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system, blend of Soviet and German systems that employ "continental" or "civil" code, case-precedent may be used to inform judges, but all decisions must refer to the law as written, based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law systems, based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law, based on Roman-Dutch law and 1990 constitution, acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law, based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law, based on civil law system incorporating French penal theory, based on Dutch civil law system with some English common law influence, based on French civil law, the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands, based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for the Maori, based on English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law, based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts, English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law, mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions, based on English common law and Islamic law, ultimate appeal to the monarch, based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's status as an Islamic state, based on Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws, based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes, based on a mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and holdover Communist legal theory, changes being gradually introduced as part of broader democratization process, based on Spanish civil code and within the US Federal system of justice, based on civil law system, the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation, based on Islamic and civil law codes, discretionary system of law controlled by the Amir, although civil codes are being implemented, Islamic law dominates family and personal matters, based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law, based on English common law and local customs, based on civil law system with Italian law influences, based on Portuguese legal system and customary law, based on sharia law, several secular codes have been introduced, commercial disputes handled by special committees, based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law, based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes, civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes, English common law, which is widely disregarded, no national system, a mixture of English common law, Italian law, Islamic sharia, and Somali customary law, based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law, civil law system, with regional applications, a highly complex mixture of English common law, Roman-Dutch, Kandyan, and Jaffna Tamil law, based on English common law and Islamic law, as of 20 January 1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the northern states, Islamic law applies to all residents of the northern states regardless of their religion, based on Dutch legal system incorporating French penal theory, based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts and Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts, civil law system influenced by customary law, based on a combination of French and Ottoman civil law, based on civil law system with influences of common law, based on French civil law system and Islamic law, civil law system derived from various European continental legal systems, note - member of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), although Turkey claims limited derogations on the ratified European Convention on Human Rights, based on Soviet civil law system and Islamic law, based on laws of England and Wales with a few adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas, English common law supplemented by local customary law, in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law, based on a dual system of sharia and civil courts, federal court system based on English common law, each state has its own unique legal system, of which all but one (Louisiana, which is still influenced by the Napoleonic Code) is based on English common law, judicial review of legislative acts, unified system being created from former dual French and British systems, based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it, based on communist legal theory and French civil law system, based on Islamic law, Turkish law, English common law, and local tribal customary law, mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law.