After several years, Malcolm moved to New York City where, to support himself, he became a numbers runner, a drug dealer, even a pimp. Rooted in the Nation of Islam’s theological grappling with the dilemma of theodicy, it was an attempt to explain the existence of evil and suffering under an all-powerful and just God. Malcolm X: Geboren als Malcolm Little in Omaha, aufgewachsen in der Nähe von Detroit. Myth 2: Malcolm X preached violence. Biography: Where did Malcolm X grow up? Hätten beide länger gelebt, hätten sie vielleicht kooperiert, vermutet Waldschmidt-Nelson: "Ich glaube nicht, dass die beiden je ein Herz und eine Seele geworden wären. On March 1, 1984, the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is currently identified by the State Historical Marker. Drawing on lessons in American and world history, he contended in his famous 1963 “Message to the Grassroots” speech, “There’s no such thing as a nonviolent revolution.” That said, a few months later in his “Ballot or the Bullet” address, he would suggest a different possibility for America: “[T]his country can become involved in a revolution that won’t take bloodshed”: “All she’s got to do is give the black man in this country everything that’s due him, everything.”. He instructed Malcolm to drop his last name, which his ancestors inherited from a slave owner and replace it with the letter X which symbolized that his true African name had been lost. Upon his death, Malcolm X received the full burial rites of a Muslim and is regarded by Muslims around the world as a martyr who sacrificed his life for the greater good, thus settling the matter of his religious authenticity. Mit 15 zog er zu seiner Halbschwester nach Boston, schlug sich mit Gelegenheitsjobs durch, nahm Drogen, wurde zum Kleinkriminellen. Und anders als für Martin Luther King war für Malcolm X Gewalt ein durchaus probates Mittel, um den "amerikanischen Albtraum" zu beenden. El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Malcolm X) was assassinated on February 21, 1965, three months away from what would have been his 40th birthday on May 19. Malcolm then remarked, "My true brotherhood includes people of all races, coming together as one. I’m one of the 22 million black people who are the victims of Americanism.” Malcolm seized upon the contradictions in America’s treatment of African Americans and went right at the heart of American exceptionalism in the starkest terms: “I don’t see any American dream; I see an American nightmare.” As harsh as they were, his criticisms were rooted in the American tradition of protest and critique, from abolitionists, suffragists, labor organizers, on up to civil rights activists. Malcolm officially joined the Nation of Islam upon his release from prison in 1952, and eventually became its national spokesperson until he left the movement in 1964. The trip had a profound affect on him when he was greeted warmly by Musilms of many nationalities. Further, his Executive Order on crime looks to be a ramping up of the war on Black and Brown youth in what will undoubtedly be a boon to the prison industrial complex. In 1964, Malcolm left the Nation of Islam and made the Muslim hajj, or pilgrimage, to Islam’s holiest site in Mecca. I am not a racist. His family moved around often while he was a kid, but he spent much of his childhood in East Lansing, Michigan. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska, on May 19, 1925. Though his public career was contemporaneous with the civil rights movement, Malcolm X operated separate and apart from the established civil rights leadership and organizations. Matthew Patay, Other Works In 1964, Malcolm left the Nation of Islam and made the Muslim hajj, or pilgrimage, to Islam’s holiest site in Mecca. I believe that there will ultimately be a clash between the oppressed and those who do the oppressing. ", Malcolm X: "Oh yes, I probably am a dead man already ... ". The house was torn down (1965) before the current owners knew about the connection with Malcolm X. Brotherhood is a two-way street. Ab 1963 kam es zur Entfremdung und 1964 zum Bruch zwischen Malcolm X und der Nation of Islam. For some, Malcolm’s life as a Muslim began in 1948 when he encountered the Nation of Islam’s teachings while in prison, at the urging of his siblings. Malcolm started stealing food and candy from neighborhood stores to support his brothers and sisters. Wahrscheinlich bin ich schon ein toter Mann, antwortete Malcolm X auf die Frage eines Reporters, ob er keine Angst habe, dass ihm etwas zustoßen könnte. “The white man is the devil,” is probably one of the phrases most commonly associated with Malcolm X. In April 1964, Malcolm made a pilgrimage to Mecca, the Islamic holy city in Saudi Arabia. What is debatable, however, is when his journey to Islam began. In all our deeds, the proper value and respect for time determines success or failure. Nun hat die Historikerin Britta Waldschmidt-Nelson eine neue Biografie über ihn verfasst. Therefore we need enlightenment. It is no surprise then that several myths have arisen about Malcolm X, largely due to attempts to make meaning out of fragmentary snapshots of his life. In an attempt to distinguish these two men with identical nicknames, their associates prefaced the nickname "Red" with cities these two men had frequented. Indem sie die bösen "weißen Teufel" für alles Elend und alle Not der Schwarzen verantwortlich machte, sprach sie die schwarzen Häftlinge weitgehend von Schuld frei und bot ihnen ein Ventil für ihre angestauten negativen Emotionen.". Der ersetzte fortan seinen Nachnamen durch ein X, Synonym für den Bruch mit der eigenen Vergangenheit. I’m one of the 22 million black people who are the victims of Americanism.” Malcolm seized upon the contradictions in America’s treatment of African Americans and went right at the heart of American exceptionalism in the starkest terms: “I don’t see any American dream; I see an American nightmare.” As harsh as they were, his criticisms were rooted in the American tradition of protest and critique, from abolitionists, suffragists, labor organizers, on up to civil rights activists. I have less patience with someone who doesn't wear a watch than with anyone else, for this type is not time-conscious. The public, both black and white, was outraged by Malcolm's comment after which Elijah suspended him from his duties as spokesperson for 90 days. There, while fulfilling one of the five pillars of the faith, Malcolm wrote of a transformative experience: “I have eaten from the same plate, drunk from the same glass, and slept in the same bed (or on the same rug)—while praying to the same God–with fellow Muslims, whose eyes were the bluest of blue, whose hair was the blondest of blond, and whose skin was the whitest of white.” Though the Nation of Islam and Malcolm had long accepted the existence of white Muslims, he publicly stated for the first time: “[P]erhaps if white Americans could accept the Oneness of God, then perhaps, too, they could accept in reality the Oneness of Man–and cease to measure, and hinder, and harm others in terms of their ‘differences’ in color.” It was a conditional statement—white America still had work to do—but it created possibilities for white people that Malcolm had heretofore seemingly foreclosed.