How to use a word that (literally) drives some pe... Do you know what languages these words come from? [22] Rhode Island declared in October 1660 and Massachusetts lastly in August 1661. In 1400 this Welsh landowner's private dispute with neighbour Reginald de Grey sparked a Welsh rebellion, He proposed an independent nation and church, His fate is unknown, perpetuating his status as a Welsh symbol of national unity, Catesby, a co-conspirator with Guy Fawkes, was shot while resisting arrest at Holbeach Hall in Staffordshire, This king's most famous mistress was Jane Shore, daughter of a wealthy London merchant, He was followed to the throne by Edward V. Britain Express is a labour of love by David Ross, an avid historian, photographer, and 'Britain-ophile'. [21] The first governor was Lord Windsor. "The restoration was not what George Monck, as an apparent engineer of the Restoration, had intended – if indeed he knew what he intended, for in Clarendon's sardonic words; 'the whole machine was infinitely above his strength ... and it is glory enough to his memory that he was instrumental in bringing those things to pass which he had neither wisdom to foresee, nor courage to attempt, nor understanding to contrive'". It was his 30th birthday, and London rejoiced at his arrival. He came of age in Europe, a child of diplomatic intrigues, broken promises, and unfulfilled hopes. [40], This article is about an event and period in the history of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. But nothing is as simple as it seems... An aspiring young physician, Robert Merivel found himself in the service of King Charles II and saves the life of a spaniel dear to the King. In 1660, in what is known as the English Restoration, General George Monck met with Charles and arranged to restore him in exchange for a promise of amnesty and religious toleration for his former enemies. This led to a lengthy court case in which the Crown championed Bermudians against the Company, and resulted in the Company's Royal Charter being revoked in 1684. [18], Barbados, as a haven for refugees fleeing the English republic, had held for Charles II under Lord Willoughby until defeated by George Ayscue. A further 19 regicides were imprisoned for life. This FAQ is empty. Eventually the conflict between Cromwell and Parliament came to a head with Cromwell establishing the Protectorate (1653-58). Historian Roger Baker argues that the Restoration and Charles' coronation mark a reversal of the stringent Puritan morality, "as though the pendulum [of England's morality] swung from repression to licence more or less overnight". [36] The expense of mounting ever more elaborate scenic productions drove the two competing theatre companies into a dangerous spiral of huge expenditure and correspondingly huge losses or profits. Choose an adventure below and discover your next favorite movie or TV show. A reincarnated man unknowingly falls in love with his own daughter from his previous life. Here Be Dragons: A Creature Identification Quiz. Theatre, sports, and dancing were revived. On 20 October 1659 George Monck, the governor of Scotland under the Cromwells, marched south with his army from Scotland to oppose Fleetwood and Lambert. James was received in France by his cousin and ally, Louis XIV, who offered him a palace and a pension. The Presbyterian members, excluded in Pride's Purge of 1648, were recalled, and on 24 December the army restored the Long Parliament. On the way to the city he is attacked by robbers and left in the road. In January 1661, the corpses of Cromwell, Ireton and Bradshaw were exhumed and hanged in chains at Tyburn. Have a tissue box handy!! It was just as well that the army was still standing, for Charles' son landed in Scotland, had himself declared Charles II, and invaded England. Things on dry land weren't all that much better. In the end, he was just as dictatorial and autocratic as Charles and James had been. The Restoration definition is - the period in 17th-century English history when Charles II was king after a long period of no king or queen on the throne —often used as Restoration before another noun. Reality-TV | TV Series (2010– ) Episode Guide. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. He falls in love with Maud Neals and proposes to her. Reputation Rehab: can reality TV rescue public figures from a lifetime of cancellation? Free entry to National Trust properties throughout England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, plus discounted admission to National Trust for Scotand properties. The period, which also included the reign of James II (1685–88), was marked by an expansion in colonial trade, the Anglo-Dutch Wars, and a revival of drama and literature (see Restoration literature). Ostensibly Parliament was in control, but the real power lay with Cromwell and the army. Eventually, the King finds out and relieves Merivel of his position and wealth. [13], In the ensuing trials, twelve were condemned to death. On 3 March 1660, Lambert was sent to the Tower of London, from which he escaped a month later. ", Lyndsey Bakewell, "Changing scenes and flying machines: re-examination of spectacle and the spectacular in Restoration theatre, 1660-1714" (PhD. [19] The planters, however, were not eager for the return of the former governor Lord Willoughby, fearing disputes over titles, but the King ordered he be restored. Under Charles II there was a general move towards a cabinet style of government. Merivel joins the King's court and lives the high life provided to someone of his position. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Restoration-English-history-1660, Restoration drama - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his accession to the English throne as William III of England jointly with his wife Mary II of England, James' daughter. It is very often used to cover the whole reign of Charles II (1660–1685) … Charles was not as hard-headed as his … [17], Charles II summoned his parliament on 1 January 1661, which began to undo all that been forced on his father Charles I of Scotland. While Charles was enjoying his new court, he was less than successful internationally. [28] Similar shifts appear in prose style.[29]. READ MORE: China: A Timeline ...read more. Image via Wikimedia Commons. The already existing contest between the mostly Parliamentarian Adventurers (shareholders) of the company in England and the Bermudians, who had their own House of Assembly (and many of whom were becoming landowners as they were sold the land they had previously farmed as tenants as the profitability of the tobacco farmed exclusively for the company fell), placed the Bermudians on the side of the Crown despite the large number of Puritans in the colony. On the judicial front, the Habeus Corpus Act (1679) made justice officials responsible for the welfare of prisoners in their care, provided for a speedy trial, and ensured that a person could not be tried twice for the same crime. Charles' court was notable for its revelry and licentiousness. To fill this vacancy, James's daughter Mary was declared Queen; she was to rule jointly with her husband William, Prince of Orange, who would be king. [12], Many Royalist exiles returned and were rewarded. He came of age in Europe, a child... Charles II arrived in London on the 30th birthday of what had already been a remarkably eventful life. The male line failed in 1719 with the death of his grandson, also Edmund Dunch, so no one can lay claim to the title. Because Parliament is a court, the highest in the land, a bill of attainder is a legislative act declaring a person guilty of treason or felony, in contrast to the regular judicial process of trial and conviction. Once he realizes this, he tries to end their relationship before angels erase his memory. Although eventually reaching a compromise with the Commonwealth, the Bermudians dispute with the company continued and was finally taken before the restored Crown, which was keen for an opportunity to re-assert its authority over the wealthy businessmen who controlled the Somers Isles Company. The Convention Parliament was dissolved by Charles II in January 1661, and he summoned his first parliament in Ireland in May 1661. 'Nip it in the butt' or 'Nip it in the bud'? At the Restoration, after much debate in Parliament, he was exempted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act. His attorney immediately sought a writ of habeas corpus so ...read more, Writer Oscar Wilde is sent to prison after being convicted of sodomy. [15], "The commonwealth parliamentary union was, after 1660, treated as null and void". Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? He tried to rekindle the civil war in favour of the Commonwealth by issuing a proclamation calling on all supporters of the "Good Old Cause" to rally on the battlefield of Edgehill, but he was recaptured by Colonel Richard Ingoldsby, a participant in the regicide of Charles I who hoped to win a pardon by handing Lambert over to the new regime. The name "Whigs" came from the Whiggamores, Scottish rebels against the king, while the "Tories" were named after Catholic royalist rebels in Ireland. His fall from grace leaves Merivel where he first started. While the Parliament refused to depose James, they declared that James, having fled to France had effectively abdicated the throne, and that the throne was vacant. Church attendance was compulsory. Restoration literature, English literature written after the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following the period of the Commonwealth. To celebrate the occasion and cement their diplomatic relations, the Dutch Republic presented Charles with the Dutch Gift, a fine collection of old master paintings, classical sculptures, furniture, and a yacht. [4] Fleetwood was deprived of his command and ordered to appear before Parliament to answer for his conduct. On the morning of May 25, 1979, six-year-old Etan Patz walked the two blocks from his home to his bus stop in Manhattan. [27], The return of the king and his court from exile led to the replacement of the Puritan severity of the Cromwellian style with a taste for magnificence and opulence and to the introduction of Dutch and French artistic influences. Restoration, Restoration of the monarchy in England in 1660. Updates? ", Jeremy W. Webster, "In and Out of the Bed-chamber: Staging Libertine Desire in Restoration Comedy.". With some alterations this became the magnificent church that stands today (click here for St. Paul's Cathedral). A fiasco such as John Dryden's Albion and Albanius would leave a company in serious debt, while blockbusters like Thomas Shadwell's Psyche or Dryden's King Arthur would put it comfortably in the black for a long time. [2] In certain contexts it may be used to cover the whole period of the later Stuart monarchs as far as the death of Queen Anne and the accession of the Hanoverian George I in 1714. [26] Theatres reopened after having been closed during the protectorship, Puritanism lost its momentum, and bawdy comedy became a recognisable genre. John Lambert was not in London for the trial of Charles I. Lambert's army began to desert him, and he returned to London almost alone whilst Monck marched to London unopposed. Bermudians were attempting to shift their economy from tobacco to a maritime one and were being thwarted by the Company, which relied on revenue from tobacco cultivation. Some were gross, others delicately improper....The dramatists did not merely say anything they liked: they also intended to glory in it and to shock those who did not like it.